NATO CA2X2 Forum 2025 – Papers Collection
Mathematical Modelling of Cyber Warfare: A Quantitative Framework for Pre-Conflict Analysis
Abstract The evolution of warfare in the digital age has transformed cyberspace into a central domain of strategic competition and military operations. Nation-state actors increasingly employ cyber tools to achieve geopolitical objectives without resorting to kinetic force, exploiting vulnerabilities in interconnected critical infrastructures. This paper presents a mathematical framework to quantify and simulate the pre-conflict […]
Written by LTC Bernd Weissenberger, M.Sc.
Published: 5 December 2025
Created: 5 December 2025
NATO